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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: chemicals consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Each colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is due to genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet and also the composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Additional methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In some species, a few soldiers obstruct tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they might deliberately rupture themselves as an act of defence.153 In scenarios where the intrusion is coming from a breach that is bigger than the soldier's head, defence demands a distinctive formations where soldiers form a phalanx-like formation around the breach and bite at intruders.154 When an invasion carried out by Megaponera analis is powerful, an entire colony may be destroyed, although this scenario is rare.154.

To termites, any violation of their tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites discover a potential violation, the soldiers normally bang their minds, apparently to attract other troops for defence and to recruit additional workers to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite bumps into other termites that causes them to be alarmed and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which is also a means to recruit extra workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, known as nasutes, that have the ability to exude noxious fluids via a horn-like frontal projection they use for defence.155 Nasutes have dropped their mandibles through the course of evolution and have to be fed by employees.59 A vast array of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the fluids that nasutes secrete.156 Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to protect their nests.157.

Soldiers of the species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a huge gland just beneath the surface of the cuticles. The thick, yellow fluid in the gland becomes quite sticky on contact with the air, entangling ants or other insects which are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, additionally engages view website in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a block which denies entry to any outsider.161.

Workers use many different strategies to deal with their dead, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse entirely.162163164 To avoid pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate conveys away a corpse from the colony to eliminate it elsewhere.165 Which approach is used depends on the nature of the corpse a find employee is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These tiny brown chunks, known as"termite balls", seldom kill the eggsand in certain circumstances the workers tend to these.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behaviour exists between various species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This chemical mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes allows the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Some species of ant have been known to catch termites to use as a brand new food origin after on, rather than killing them. For example, Formica nigra captures termites, and people who try to escape are immediately captured and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species go in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants like Megaponera analis attack the outside of mounds and Dorylinae ants attack underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both occupied and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants reside in Nasutitermes mounds is due to the termites' frequent occurrence in their reference own geographical range; another would be to shield themselves from flooding.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds although no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than the usual one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites reside inside busy ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and reside inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a consequence, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.